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Woodworth Personal Data Sheet
The Woodworth Personal Data Sheet, sometimes known as the Woodworth Psychoneurotic Inventory was a personality test, commonly cited as the first personality test,〔Goldberg, Lewis R. ("A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models." ) Personality psychology in Europe 7 (1999): 7–28.〕 developed by Robert S. Woodworth during World War I for the United States Army. It was developed to screen recruits for shell shock risk but was not completed in time to be used for this purpose.〔Kaplan, R., & Saccuzzo, D. (2012). Psychological testing: Principles, applications, and issues. Cengage Learning.〕 It instead became widely used in psychological research and led to the development of many other personality tests.〔 It has been described as "the linear ancestor of all subsequent personality inventories, schedules and questionnaires".
== Construction ==
Questions for the test were generated by Woodworth based on his interviews with psychologists and case studies of persons with psychological disturbance. This set of items was then given to a group of subjects deemed to be normal and items answered too frequently were removed.〔Gibby, Robert E., and Michael J. Zickar. "A history of the early days of personality testing in American industry: an obsession with adjustment." ''History of psychology'' 11.3 (2008): 164.〕〔Shepherd Ivory Franz (1919). ''Handbook of mental examination methods (1919)''. New York: The Macmillan Company.〕 The reduced set of questions was then given to a large sample of servicemen and a smaller sample of "diagnosed abnormal subjects". With these results the test was submitted to the Surgeon General who accepted it and a preliminary program of recruit screening was established where recruits who scored high on the test would be referred to a psychologist for further evaluation.〔
Some attempts were made to weight items according to their discriminating power, but this was found to not improve the reliability of scores and was so abandoned.〔Papurt, Maxwell Jerome. "A study of the Woodworth Psychoneurotic Inventory with suggested revision." ''The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology'' 25.3 (1930): 335.〕 The content of the items covered somatic symptoms, medical history, family history and social adjustment. The final form consisted of 116 yes or no questions.〔Kaplan, R., & Saccuzzo, D. (2012). ''Psychological testing: Principles, applications, and issues''. Cengage Learning.〕
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